Steam-generator.



No. 650,65l. Patented May 29, I900. G. E. A. H. DE NITTIS &. L. C. W. MAHL. STEAM GENERATOR.

(Application filed Nov. 8, 1898.) (No Mod 3 SheetsSheet l.

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No. 650,65l. Y Paten G. E. A. H. DE NITTIS &. L. G. W. MAH

STEAM GENERATOR.

(Application filed Nov. 8, 1898.) (No Model.)

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Patented May 29, I900.

a. E. A; H. DE NITTIS & L. c. w. MAHL.

STEAM GENERATOR.

7 (Application flied Nov. 8', 1898.) (No Model.)

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. Z l wv/zfmw W" M removable sets or elements, open into a sheet UNITED H STATES I PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGES ERNEST ALEXANDRE HALLAM DE NITTIS AND LEON OAMILLE WILLIAM MAHL, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

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sPEeIrIcArIoN formingpart of Letters Patent No. 650,651, dated May 29, 19cc.

Application filed Noiieixiher 8, 1898.

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that we, GEonG'Es ERNEST ALEXANDRE HALLAM DE NITTIs and LEON OAMILLE WILLIAM ll/IAHL, engineers, of Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Generators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in steam-generators and comprises two circulatory systems so arranged that the main water-tubes and the walls of the furnace are protected from the most intense heat, while this intense heat is utilized by conducting action. The boiler comprises two groups of tubes and a tubular reservoir, one group of tubes and one division of the reservoir forming a main circulatory system or the generator proper and the other group and the other division of the reservoir formingan auxiliarycirculatorysystem. This auxiliary system incloses a relatively-constant body of fluid of any suitable nature for the purpose hereinafter set forth, and its group of tubes is placed at the hottest part of the furnace. The fluid in the auxiliary system carries the intense heat received at the hottest portion of the furnace to the reservoir, where it transmits the heat to the water in the main system, the two systems being in contact in the said reservoir.

We will describe awater-tube boiler of the type constructed according to our invention embodying the application of the principle above explained. This boiler is characterized by difierent constructional arrangements as regards the whole apparatus, as well as detail parts thereof.

This generator is represented in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section thereof. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. at is a part sectional plan on line t 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 shows a set or element in detail. Fig. 6 represents in longitudinal section an oil-burner and connections between the same and the generator, as hereinafter explained.

-Our boiler comprises a group of generatortubes proper, A, and an auxiliary group of generator-tubes B. These groups, formed of Serial no. 696.839. (No model.)

or column of liquid at one of their ends and vided in direction of its thickness in two parts F F, Fig. 1, by a partition or diaphragm f. The central tube D opens into the front .part F of the liquid column, While the crown-tubes C 0 open into the rear part F of the liquid column. 'The connection of the set or element of tubes with the double sheet or col umn of liquid is effected by the aid of a stop per G g g". The web g of this stopper effects the separation of the columns F F, at the opening provided in the sides of the double sheetor liquid column. To this said web ,or part 9 is joined a tubular part h, which constitutes a prolongation of the large tube D and forms part of a disk H, which connects the set or element of tubes with the rear wall of the compartment containing the double column of water. The joint between these two pieces g and his obtained by a slightlyconical fitting and a double key or pin g The part 9 of the stopper G g g. constitutes a frame which insures the rigid connection between the cover G and g, while nevertheless permitting of the communication of the tubular prolongation'h, and consequently of the central tube D, with the front column F.

The cover G of the stoppering device is adapted to close the orifice in the front surface of the water sheet or column. The'joint of the said cover G is obtained by the aid of a ferrule g which forces a ring or mounting: g between the circumference of the opening and a shoulder of the cover G. This ferrule is held in position at its periphery by the aid of three armed flanges I, or washers, usually six in number, one arnior part of each of which bears against the ferrule 9 while the other arms or parts bear against the stoppers of the adjacent elements. The tubular pas- The joint between the aforesaid disk Hand the rear surface of the water sheet or column is insured by a packing h, suitably pressed between a shoulder of the disk H and the truncated conical bearing for this shoulder provided on the walling.

The double liquid sheet or column F is separated in two completely-independent parts, one, f f serving for the group of elements forming the auxiliary circulatory system of tubes and the others, F F for the main circulatorysystem outhe generator group proper. There are thus two doublesheets or columns of liquid, one for the auxiliary group and the other for the generatorigroup.

Above the generator group a reservoir J is provided, in which the water-level of the boiler is formed and where the steam-outlets, as well as the safety and controlling devices, are arranged.

A diaphragm j insures a suitable circulation of the water and divides the mass of water contained in this reservoir into two parts, one part communicating with the front sheet or column F by means of series of tubes j and the other part communicating with the second sheet or column 13 by means of another series of tubes It is evident that under these conditions the circulation of the water takes place by difference of density, from the hottest parts toward the less heated parts, in the following manner: The water descends from the reservoir J, through tubes j into the front column F, enters all the central tubes D of the sets or elements, which it traverses until it reaches the outermost boxes or chambers E, returns through the small or crown tubes 0 G into the second column F and then reascends to the reservoir by the tubes j Thus a very active circulation is obtained.

It will be observed that the circulation in the elements may be effected by causing the water to enter through the crown-tubes O C and to leave through the central tubes D.

'In the reservoir J a chamber K, bounded by partition-wallsk 7c, is provided, which does not communicate with the said reservoir, the two outermost chambers J J thus formed communicating with each other by a set of tubes is which traverse the aforesaid chamber K. The reservoir J is thus formed by the two chambers J J and the capacity of the connecting-tubes 7c. The set of connectingtubesk' is composed of a sufficiently-large numberof tubes of small diameter to insure proper communication between the two outer chambers J J in the region occupied by the water, and a few tubes of larger diameter located principally at the upper part in the region occupied by the steam.

The chamber K, traversed by the tubes is, communicates at two places, bymeansof two tubes In, with the two parts f f of the double liquid sheet or column especiallyserving for the auxiliary generator group.

Before further proceeding with the descrip tion of-the other parts of our boiler we will first explain the principle and the operation of our system, which, as has been seen, consists in the connection of the auxiliary generator group to the generator group proper. The former group contains a liquid-such as oil, for instanceand this liquid is placed in continuous circulation through the chamber K, where it bathes the system of tubes, the liquid in the auxiliary generator group and its double sheet or column circulating absolutely like the waterin the generator proper. The elements of the auxiliary group being nearest the furnace are raised to the highest temperature, but as they always remain filled with liquid and as the latter is not changed, or at least changes only to a small extent, no overheating need be feared,.because the tubes are not subject to being emptied and because no sediments are formed therein. As the liquid isin circulation, it is constantly renewed in contact with the system of tubes of the reservoir-chamber K, and these tubes are internally traversed by the water from the boiler, and an exchange of temperature is effected between the liquid contained in the auxiliary generator and the water of the generator proper the water taking up the heat which the liquid of the auxiliary generator has accu mulated. Our system thus principally consists in placing near the furnace, at those parts which are most liable to effect an overheating of certain elements of the boiler, elements which are completely independent, always .filled witha liquid other thanthe water of the boiler, not being or very seldom'being renewed, consequently not susceptible of being overheated, and transport or convey the accumulated heating energy by this liquid body while sending it around a system of tubes traversed by the water of the generator proper, to which the heat received by the liquid of the auxiliary generator in the ele ments of the latter is restored with losses which are so small that they need not be taken into account. Thus in the type of the boiler which we have represented the reservoir or capacity K is so arranged that the liquid of the auxiliary generator circulates around the connecting-tubes which are internally traversed by the water of the generator proper. This arrangement might evidently be reversed by causing the liquid con tained in the auxiliary generator to pass through the tubes, which would be externally bathed by the water of the boiler. Nor do we limit ourselves to a particular liquid or body to serve for use in the auxiliary generator. This may be an oil or any fusible compound or, the like.

Although from a more general point of view we have described a particular type of boiler for carrying our system into effect, we do not limit ourselves to-this special type of generator, and desire to point out that our invention may be employed with all kinds of generators, either to tubes filled with liquid (the general water-tube type) or to tubes traversed by gases from the furnace (the general multitubular type) 0r to boiler-tubes of any other kind Our auxiliary generator may instead be arranged in the form of a liquid sheet or column as a boiler-tube in any furnace, with the object tofprotect the water-tubes and the walls of the furnace, while yet utilizing the heat existing at the protected point by transmitting the same to the water of the generator at a suitable place of the latter and in the manner explained.

In the boiler represented the feed-water first passes through a feed-water heater L before it enters the reservoirJ. It enters the latfor by a smaller reservoir Z. Above the gen erator group proper a steam-drying device M is arranged. Baffles N are provided in the chamberK to insure perfect circulation in all points of the latter. The auxiliary generator may, like the main generator, be provided with all the requisite safety and controlling devices.

WVe have represented in the accompanying drawings, Fig. 6, a burner for a heating device in which heavy oils are employed. This method of heating is especially suitable in combination with the auxiliary generator,inasmuch as the heavy oil which is burned can be employed as the liquid serving to fill the auxiliary generator." As this oil is raised to a high temperature,it presents Very favorable conditions for being pa'ssed to the burner. Thelatter may be arranged in the following manner: The oilvapors arrive from the upper part of the receiver or chamber K by a pipe 0, enter the injector-tube 0, Fig. 6, by way of a series of openings 0', and escape around a conical piece at 0 placed at the end of this tube. The latter is capable of being displaced relatively to the cone by the aid of'a screw 6 whereby the amount of oil-vapor escaping at this point can be varied. This sheet or spray of oil-vapor meets heated oil conveyed by a pipe P from one of the elements of the auxiliary generator and, escaping through a ring or crown of orifices 1) under the action of the jet of oilvapor, the extremely-hot and liquid oil is atomized and the fluid in motion sucks in through a series of air-cones Q Q Q the amount of air required for combustion. The oil thus diffused or atomized is ignited in the furnace either by the aid of another fuel or by any other suitable means.

Having thus described and explained the principle of our generator system and a boiler type constructed on this principle, we declare that we reserve the right of carrying our invention into effect in any appropriate manner which does not alter the same in substance, and to apply it to all kinds of generators and boilers-to place, for example, the auxiliary gcneratortubes at any suitable point relatively to the furnace, to place the refrigerator at any suitable point relatively to the boiler, and to even arrange the refrigerator-tubes in the interior of the generatortubes proper instead of connecting them at one single point.

In the particular boiler type which we have above described we reserve the right of varying the constructional details, joints, &c., in any manner without thereby inv any way departing from the spirit of the invention.

That we claim is- 1. A boiler comprising a main circulatory system, constituting the steam generator proper, and an auxiliary circulatory system inclosing a relatively-constant body of fluid not susceptible of being overheated, a portion of the said auxiliary system being placed at the hottest part of the furnace, and another portion thereof being in contact with the main circulatory system, whereby the heat of the fluid inclosed in the auxiliary system is trans mitted to the fluid in the main circulatory system.

2. In a boiler, the combination of a main circulatory system, with an auxiliary circulatory system, the two systems comprising groups of tubes arranged in the furnace, and a reservoir above the said groups and in communication therewith, the said reservoir being divided to maintain the two systems separate but in contact with each other, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a boiler, the combination of a main circulatory system, with an auxiliary circu latory system, the two systems comprising groups of tubes arranged in the furnace, the tubes of the auxiliary system being at the hottest part thereof,and a tubular reservoir above the said groups and communicating therewith, whereby during the circulation of the fluid in the auxiliary system through the said reservoir its heat is transmitted tothe fluid in the main circulatory system.

4. In a boiler, the combination of a main circulatory system and an auxiliary circulatory system, the two systems comprising groups of tubes arranged in the furnace, the tubes of the auxiliary system being at the hottest part thereof, and a reservoir above the said groups and communicating therewith, the said reservoir being divided to maintain the two systems separate but in contact with each other, and a suitable arrangement ofbaffies in the said reservoir to assist the proper circulation of the fluid.

5. In a boiler of the water-tube type the combination of groups of tubes arranged in the-furnace, and a reservoir above the said tubes, each element of the said groups comprising a central tube and a set of tubes surrounding the central tube, a stopper forming a common chamber into which all the tubes of the element terminate at one end, and an upright chamber provided with a partition to form a double liquid column communicating with the said reservoir, the central tube of the said element opening into one of the said columns and the surrounding tubes into the other of the said columns, substantially as with, the said reservoi'rbeing divided to maintain the two systems separate but in contact with each otherywith aburner and pipe con I nections leading from the auxiliary division of the said reservoir and from the lower part of the said auxiliary system to the said burner, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof We have signed our 20 names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

GEORGES ERNEST ALEXANDRE HALLAM DE NIT'IIS. LEON CAMILLE WILLIAM lllllllli. WVitnesses:

J. ALLISON BOWEN, GUsTAvE DUMONT. 

